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'<p>　　科学发展的事实表明:学科发展只有在理论上有所创新，其学术水平才能相应得到提高。护理学的发展同样离不开其学术水平的提高，理论上的创新性是强调护理论文的学术性或学术价值。当前，护士偏重于研究各种具体的护理技术及其操作规程。这些研究当然重要，但护理学作为一门独立的学科，需要从目前护理学所处的科学环境和社会环境方面对其进行理论上的研究。把护理的理论现状同社会对护理学的要求及护理学所要实现的目的联系起来，在护理学研究领域，提出新观点，或把已有的理论系统化、完善化。总之，对理论上的创新我们必须从当代科学发展的角度来认识。</p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://www.zhongwenqikan.com/upload/20180924/8d9b904dbab1dc3bec99c55cde0e828b.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://www.zhongwenqikan.com/upload/20180924/8d9b904dbab1dc3bec99c55cde0e828b.jpg"></a><img align="" alt="" border="0" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml/wpsD71.tmp.png" width="334"></p>
<p><strong>一、社会效益上的创新性</strong></p>
<p>　　社会效益上的创新性是强调护理论文的社会效益和经济效益。护理论文一方面来自护理实践，为社会而写，有较强的社会性;一方面要指导实践，接受实践的验证，有较强的实践性，也就是说，护理论文是体现作者的工作方法和工作经验的工具，能够准确、客观、科学而具体地反映出作者的观点、方法和效果，护理论文的社会效益性主要反映在社会实践的效益上。</p>
<p>　　护理道德的效益原则植根于经济关系和社会实践中，它与商品经济和各种经济形式相联系。护理道德效益原则集中体现在病人利益和公益问题上，护理论文的社会效益是要增进人民的健康和长寿，要有利于社会公益，有利于生产力的发展和国家富强。经济效益是指护理社会卫生保健康复活动的耗费和成果的比较。要在护理服务过程中，降低劳动消耗和物质消耗，扩大服务范围和方式，发掘潜力，提高效率，增加合理收入。个体效益包括患者和护理人员两大方面。前者从病人的生命价值和健康价值、护理质量来衡量。后者以护理、保健、康复工作效益，个人的各种收入以及素质的提高为尺度。各种效益都要从整体全面综合考虑，使其协调发展。要避免重视社会效益而忽视个人效益，过分着眼经济利益而忽视救死扶伤、防病治病的基本职责。</p>
<p>　　护理论文的社会效益上的创新表现在护理科研和实际工作中的扩大实验和观察范围，或大样本统计报告，或降低成本、缩短疗程等方法。因此，进一步完善护理理论体系，为护理专业的创新与发展带来生机，使护理人员专业素质和科技含金量提高。</p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://www.zhongwenqikan.com/upload/20180924/75a5681a6054299225bf3b7df2d4f9aa.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://www.zhongwenqikan.com/upload/20180924/75a5681a6054299225bf3b7df2d4f9aa.jpg"></a><img align="" alt="" border="0" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml/wpsD82.tmp.png" width="334"></p>
<p><strong>二、技术或方法上的创新性</strong></p>
<p>　　技术或方法上的创新性是强调护理论文的应用性和使用价值。从护理学的发展来看，护理学虽然是研究理论的人少，实践者多，但护理技术或方法上的熟能生巧者并非很多，其原因可能与护理学的思维方式有关。局部的、功能制护理学模式理论指导下形成的静止的、主观的、片面的护理思维，是一种依赖性的思维方式，束缚着护理技术或方法的创新。</p>
<p>　　护理技术、方法和与之有关的理论相结合，正在形成护理学本身的学说与观点，也就是说，护理学是既包括护理理论，同时也包括实践这种理论的各种技术的一门科学。若满足于现有的技术和方法，护理论文也不会有什么创新。</p>
<p>　　随着健康概念的提出，整体的、系统的护理学模式及其思维方法代替传统的护理学模式及其思维方法，都要求护理工作者运用新的护理思维方法，新的护理方法和新技术，或对原有技术、方法加以引进和改善，或把已有的技术、方法引进到护理工作的新领域。还要注意博览群书，触类旁通，多方位思考问题;熟练掌握技术操作，从机械性的操作中悟出与众不同的技巧、方法;善于怀疑，针对难点，寻找思维的特性。针对当前护理方法中最困难的问题进行思考，把手头的材料进行大胆的建构，重新组合已有的知识，使新技术新方法得以创见，也可把边缘科学的新技术融会到护理工作中，使护理技术或方法上的创新得以体现。</p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://www.zhongwenqikan.com/upload/20180924/a35187e16a7c43303540b3c099374575.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://www.zhongwenqikan.com/upload/20180924/a35187e16a7c43303540b3c099374575.jpg"></a><img align="" alt="" border="0" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml/wpsD92.tmp.png" width="334"></p>
<p><strong>三、理论上的创新性</strong></p>
<p>　　理论上的创新需要理论思维方法参与，掌握理论思维方法，有较强的理论思维能力是成功的关键。所谓护理理论思维是护理工作者运用理论和智力对护理学的资料进行科学的分析，得出理性结论的过程。理论的基础是概念，是判断和推理的基础。因此，护理学概念的变化影响着护理工作者判断推理的思维过程。随着健康观念的转变，护理学模式的发展，护理学范围也在不断扩大。</p>
<p>　　由于科学的日益综合化，护理工作者在理论思维方法中应用的理论还应当包括一些其它自然科学，可以开辟护理工作者认识的新思路，建立新学说，获得护理学理论上的新发现。比如心理学理论对于认识心理因素的致病和治病机理，护士掌握心身护理也是必要的;行为科学理论用于研究人类正常行为和异常行为，进行行为疗法研究，对卫生、科普、提高遵护行为，对护理工作也是必要的;逻辑学运用于护理学，对护理这既成的事实和材料，形成概作者单位:266300青岛市胶州中心医院念，进而构成判断和推理，实现护理学理性认识的思维阶段;伦理学运用于护理学，建立了护理伦理学，也开拓了护理学的视野;哲学理论或方法运用于护理学，能使现代护理学理论发展到一个新的高度。</p>
<p>　　更新观念，不断创新，护理论文的创新性实质是要求护理论文传达作者亲自创造的原生信息和次生信息。护理论文直接来自信息源，其传达出原生信息的可能性越大，论文所载的原生信息越多，其创新性也越强。“创新性”也可称为“信息性”，是量变到质变的一次飞跃。</p>'

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'/index.php?c=show&id=5061&page=[page]'

''

'http://www.zhongwenqikan.com/jiaoyulunwen/5061.html'

array (
  'c' => 'show',
  'id' => '5061',
  'm' => 'index',
)